influenza

Estimating historical impacts of vaccination against influenza B/Yamagata in the United States to inform possible risks of re-emergence in the absence of vaccination

Influenza B/Yamagata viruses have not been detected globally since 2020 and will be removed from U.S. 2024/25 seasonal influenza vaccines. We inferred impacts of vaccination against B/Yamagata from 2016/17–2019/20 by combining B/Yamagata prevalence …

Estimating historical disease burden and the impact of vaccination by influenza type and subtype in the United States, 2016-2020

Seasonal influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality in the United States. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) uses a compartmental framework to estimate the annual disease burden and burden prevented by vaccination for …

Modeling the potential impacts of outpatient antiviral treatment in reducing influenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States

**Background**: Seasonal influenza causes an estimated 100,000–710,000 hospitalizations annually in the United States (U.S.). Treatment with antiviral medications, such as oseltamivir, can reduce risks of hospitalization among people with …

Influenza virus shedding and symptoms: Dynamics and implications from a multi-season household transmission study

Isolation of symptomatic infectious persons can reduce influenza transmission. However, virus shedding that occurs without symptoms will be unaffected by such measures. Identifying effective isolation strategies for influenza requires understanding …

Estimating the generation time for influenza transmission using household data in the United States

The generation time, representing the interval between infections in primary and secondary cases, is essential for understanding and predicting the transmission dynamics of seasonal influenza, including the real-time effective reproduction number …

Detection of novel influenza viruses through community and healthcare testing: Implications for surveillance efforts in the United States

**Background** Novel influenza viruses pose a potential pandemic risk. Rapid detection of novel influenza virus infection in humans is critical to characterizing the virus and facilitating the implementation of public health response measures. …

The role of asymptomatic infections in influenza transmission: what do we really know

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of asymptomatic influenza virus infections in influenza transmission was uncertain. However, the importance of asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 for onward transmission of COVID-19 has led experts to …

Modeling the impacts of antiviral prophylaxis strategies in mitigating seasonal influenza outbreaks in nursing homes

**Background** Antiviral chemoprophylaxis is recommended for use during influenza outbreaks in nursing homes to prevent transmission and severe disease among non-ill residents. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidance recommends …

Evaluating potential impacts of a preferential vaccine recommendation for adults aged 65 years and older on US influenza burden

**Background**: High-dose, adjuvanted, and recombinant influenza vaccines may offer improved effectiveness among older adults compared to standard-dose, unadjuvanted, inactivated vaccines. However, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices …

Presentation to ACIP on recommending higher-dose and adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccines for adults 65+

Work presented to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) that modeled the potential impact of recommending high-dose, adjuvanted and recombinant vaccines to adults aged 65 and over on seasonal influenza burden in the United States.