SARS-CoV-2

Estimating the generation time for SARS-CoV-2 transmission using household data in the United States, December 2021-May 2023

**Background**: Generation time, representing the interval between infection events in primary and secondary cases, is important for understanding disease transmission dynamics including predicting the effective reproduction number (Rt), which …

Impact of waning immunity against SARS-CoV-2 severity exacerbated by vaccine hesitancy

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has generated a tremendous number of infections across the world. Recovery from these infections, combined with the onset of large-scale vaccination, have led to rapidly-changing population-level immunological landscapes. In …

Medium-term scenarios of COVID-19 as a function of immune uncertainties and chronic disease

As the SARS-CoV-2 trajectory continues, the longer-term immuno-epidemiology of COVID-19, the dynamics of Long COVID, and the impact of escape variants are im- portant outstanding questions. We examine these remaining uncertainties with a simple …

Vaccine nationalism and the dynamics and control of SARS-CoV-2

Vaccines provide powerful tools to mitigate the enormous public health and economic costs that the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to exert globally, yet vaccine distribution remains unequal among countries. To examine the potential …

Longitudinal profiling of respiratory and systemic immune responses reveals myeloid cell-driven lung inflammation in severe COVID-19

Immune responses to respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2 originate and function in the lung, yet assessments of human immunity are often limited to blood. Here, we conducted longitudinal, high-dimensional profiling of paired airway and blood samples …

Epidemiological and evolutionary considerations of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dosing regimes

In the face of vaccine dose shortages and logistical challenges, various deployment strategies are being proposed to increase population immunity levels to SARS-CoV-2. How timing of delivery of the second dose affects infection burden but also …

Immune life history, vaccination, and the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 over the next 5 years

The future trajectory of the Covid-19 pandemic hinges on the dynamics of adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV2; however, salient features of the immune response elicited by natural infection or vaccination are still uncertain. We use simple …